Introduction to Psychodynamics with relation to Wellness and Dis-ease

I have extracted most of the following from my new book The Nature of Being ¹ and the extensive background research done for it - its purpose here is to allow hopefully effective insight into the nature of the scientific versus the psychodynamic, with relation to wellness, the pursuit of authentic self-realisation, higher personal potentials, and the aim towards authentic and uniquely personal fulfilment.

With scientific (or allopathic) medicine many modern wonders can be achieved, however there are conditions, especially in the area of autoimmune deficiencies or congenital predispositions towards a specific condition, that are sometimes difficult to address with allopathics. Conventional medication and surgical techniques, often, but certainly not always, alleviate symptoms and are frequently designed to do just that, but not always to address causes and cure these. Causes of all illnesses, diseases and conditions can "scientifically" be explained to come from traceable conditions whether these are regarded as incidental trauma, accident, random event, infection, genetic congenital pre-determining, poisoning, habituation or other "mechanistic" causes that appear scientifically acceptable and plausible. The fact is though, that even if known causes exist such as e.g. "orally induced infection" - this actually explains nothing whatsoever: it does not know truly what a virus is even though its DNA can be studied under a scanning electron microscope and a vaccine developed for it - it does not explain why the patient had a predisposed sensitivity towards contracting a condition, why it happened at this time, why the condition takes the form and intensity that it does, why it may show various degrees of resistance to cure. These questions lie in a different domain of being, overlapping, but often quite distant from conventional scientific investigation and insight. This is the domain of consciousness, or Psychodynamics - this understanding of the nature of being is both far more ancient, and yet far more modern, than conventional science - although science is always at a "cutting edge," this edge is always primitive in comparison with a science of the future...

Psychodynamics, is much more at home in the world of the quantum, bypasses such limitations and often has insights and corresponding techniques that are mysteriously and also incredibly effective compared to conventional methods now recognised. ² It is heartily advised not to suspend trust or belief in conventional medicines or medical techniques – but to know that these are limited. Essentially however, it is believed that the only true limitations on the application and effectiveness of psychodynamic (PD) techniques, is the psyche of the patient itself, and the abilities of the healer involved. Therefore, do not refuse conventional diagnostics, treatment or curative advice - PD techniques may always be used in parallel with these in complete safety - no danger whatsoever can result from this for the very reason that in essence, no harm may, or can, be done in their application. Their nature answers to reality that underlies our perceivable five-sensory reality with which we are familiar in our normal everyday lives. PD lies far more in the area of quantum dynamics, the quantal, the intuitive, esoteric, psychic, psychospiritual effects which are in many ways far more real than the very solid appearing matter we are so used to.

Background:

Just in short, the new view is that there is no such thing as absolute nothingness or an absolute vacuum, neither in the laboratory nor in interstellar space. There is a continuous frothing into being of virtual particles that come into existence due to a cosmic principle known as quantum uncertainty, quantified by a set of mathematical descriptions known as the Schrödinger wave functions, described by a clever fellow called Heisenberg in a perspective known as the Heisenberg Uncertainty Theorem, and augmented by quantum physicists such as Alain Aspect and David Bohm. These sound abstruse and complex but, depending on who's doing the explaining, they are eminently understandable and give incredible insight into the physical nature of being. What is interesting is that so many of the cutting-edge scientific views sound so very similar to descriptions given intuitively by such ancients as Anaxagoras and Democritus, Plato and Pythagoras, from roughly 500 B.C. onwards. Amazing minds there will always be in this world, existing in parallel with a continuation of the most primitive as yet unevolved and shallow ones too... ³

The enormous accomplishments of the theories of General Relativity (G.R.) and Quantum Dynamics (Q.D.) represent the cutting edge of the Scientific/ Pragmatic approach to understanding reality. The perspective that has been generated by them is not easily available to the lay person, as the language of its conceptualisation, explanation and presentation is a very compressed and highly symbolic mathematics. Several attempts to make this perspective available to the non-specialist and ordinary reader have been made, namely, among others, in The Tao of Physics by Fritjoff Capra, and The Dancing Wu-Li Masters, by Gary Zukav. Both of these are a challenging read to the non-scientist but offer deep and profoundly revealing views of the nature of reality.

If you like you may skip the following bulleted points as they may feel slightly technical and proceed with reading after them. In as concise a presentation as possible, the perspective reached by G.R. and Q.D. is that:

Fundamental particles (nuclear, subnuclear, energetic) are abstractions and actually are resonant energy patterns, or constellations of energy fields interacting at points in space-time .

• Although the manifestation, propagation, and action of "particles" takes place at subluminal velocities, "particles" are capable of information gathering at superluminal speeds. The conclusive experimental evidence points out that such data collection occurs instantaneously and nonlocally, i.e. there is an underlying reality which does not recognise, and does not include, distance and time. This is a spaceless-timeless continuum, more fundamental, more primary, than the domain accessible to our five-sense (quintisensory) makeup.
  
• The ability of "particles" to gather instantaneous, non-local information, and to react thereto (to re-organise themselves with respect to stimuli) is a fundamental symptom of consciousness.
  
• "Particles" constitute a phase boundary (also perceptual boundary, a horizon) which is open-ended towards both macro and micro-horizons - both smaller and larger aggregate states of resonant frequency patterns exist, towards the nanoscopic, and the macrocosmic.
  
• Energy and matter are related by a phase transition - energy can "condense" into matter, matter can "sublimate" into energy.
  
• The energy-matter interchange (transition of the one into the other) is ultimately controlled by consciousness.
  
• There is Universal Consciousness, quantised into individual units of conscious identities, individualities, these in themselves forming a resonant whole equivalent again to the Universal Consciousness.

Conscious identities are symptomised by:

• An ability to perceive, sense, gather, and record information, to form stances and inclinations towards their perceptions, and to react according to the stimuli they uniquely perceive – as combinations of neutral, external (exogenous) stimuli, and their own internal (endogenous) stimuli.
  
• Various substructures of the materialised conscious entity may select from this information, to constitute a constellation of "sensoral" stimuli.
  
• Action of stimuli within a range of consciousness which runs from unconscious or subconscious, to conscious awareness, result in a range of perception of a set of stimuli, creating actionable potential.
  
• The capacity of conscious entities to reorganise themselves (energetically, "particular"-constitutive, chemically, biochemically, somatically, hormonally, neurologically, senso-motorically) as a subset of the impinging set of stimuli acts within the range of consciousness – the reaction.
  
• "Reality" consists of a domain which is partially explicate, operating within subluminal spacetime (potentially well perceivable by the senses, or the instrumentally assisted, amplified senses), the explicate continuum; and partially implicate, an underlying continuum which is not perceivable by the senses but perceivable by indirect inference, or directly , by consciousness, the implicate continuum.
  
• Subconscious perception of the most primary reality is unconditional, acute, unbroken and continuous.
  
• Conscious perception (as contrasted to subconscious) of the most primary reality is fragmentary, diffracted, subject to either gain or loss of acuity, and conditional upon many different factors .
  
• Both the implicate and explicate domains are primarily and essentially conscious.
  
• The big one: everything is conscious, inclusively.
  
• The continuum ranging as energy-matter, is a truncated view of this continuum, in actuality it ranges through, and spans: consciousness – energy – matter.
  
• Consciousness modulates (affects, organises, operates on) energy – energy may materialise (condense into a subjectifiable entity) As things and events are both processes, all is conscious event (Dennett.)
  
• All that exists as perceivable physical constructs (subjectifiable entities) in the universe, is the product of the organisation and modulation of consciousness.

What we normally perceive and experience, is only a dilute, approximative, perceptual interpretation of reality, and not reality itself.

The phenomenon of paradox is acutely intrinsic to perceived reality. I believe in adhering to a view that extends both the pragmatic and psychodynamic aspects of perception into a polar continuum. Unlike the purely scientific, pragmatic interpretation of what is perceived, quantified purely according to established scientific principle and pragmatic interpretation of phenomenology, all that is perceived forms a personal reality subject to the accumulatively programmed and innately inherited cognitive and attitudinal filtering functions of our personality, programmed within our brain in the associative cortices, which selectively shape the impulses and information perceived by our senses to impinge on our awareness.

The scientific interpretation of perceptions is fine, but often limited and always incomplete. All phenomena can be explained in two domains, the Scientific, pragmatic, what I call the "S" domain, and the Psychodynamic, aesthetic, which I've termed the "P" domain. These two domains both stretch out and away from an infinitely thin knife-edge that divides them, the Edge of Ambiguity, or EOA.

The S and P domains are like the two sides of a coin – they are a dualistic phenomenon, like so many others, the wave-particle nature of light, the electric-magnetic dualism of energy transference. Many of these dualistic phenomena in nature have been re-unified in higher views achieved by science: the electromagnetic unification by Maxwell, the electroweak unification by Weinberg and Salam, etc. Einstein endeavoured to unify the mathematical description of all forces and energy forms in the universe in a "grand unification" in his relativity theories. It wasn't achieved, not yet. All dualistic phenomena can be regarded as singular perceptions, "isolated" effects, but a higher view allows their re-unification – two sides of a coin can only be artificially separated, not in actuality. Each side of a coin may be seen in turn, only in the higher dimensionality of true seeing, true perception (less impeded consciousness), can the whole coin, the whole phenomenon, both sides simultaneously, be seen. At higher frequencies, such as in the X-ray spectrum, both sides of a coin can be seen simultaneously!

The Edge Of Ambiguity, EOA, is just a mental construct, but it allows a clearer discussion of all phenomena in a dualistic sense that does not discard the incredible insights of the scientific perspective, neither the enrichment of all those views that exceed the scientific explanation.

Example: You sensing behind you, as you lie on the beach, a golden hawk hovering nearby – pragmatically, in the S domain of perception, this is purely "coincidence," you in a place at a particular time, hawk coincidentally in same place at same time - great, that's one explanation. It does not stretch into any deeper perspective or understanding however. In the P domain, things are not that simple: there is the deeply intuitive insight that it is a synchronistic phenomenon - the hawk is a resonant and consonant pattern of energy, condensed into perceivable reality, a symbol of all he / she would represent, and did not happen with any form of coincidence at all. The fact that you can sense so often before you see, or felt, is a deep indication of this. The hawk is an entity, a consciousness, a being more self-aware than science would be ready to accredit at present. Surely Prof. Irene Pfepperberg, expert on animal intelligence would agree - look up, if you can, her decades of experience with dolphins, chimps and parrots, it extends both domains of perception quite dramatically.

In the P domain that hawk is also a messenger, harbinger, a process-lens into a deeper and more extended psychodynamic reality. There is seeing, and SEEING, lower case in the S domain, upper case in the P domain, the edge of ambiguity allows both explanations. The view dramatically enriches in-sight.

What would the hawk represent to me? Because I have my own uniquely biased cognitive and attitudinal filtering and moulding of perception, it will be a personal picture... Impressions: the overcoming of heaviness, freedom into multidimensionality instead of "stuckness" in a select, mainly flat, two-dimensional plain of popular and accepted rules, regulations and paradigm, the birth and application of creative will that knows fewer bounds, lifting up, soaring into the vertical dimension, lightness due to authentic personal power, steering, guiding personal power and cosmically sourced energy due to new psychodynamic insight and understanding, the adding of depth and height in extension to the normally perceivable. In art too, as it already occurs, but a suggestion to aim for such multidimensionality consciously and intuitively in its perceivable extensions due to new expansions of technique... So much more: less boundedness to gravity, compact, concentrated power, blends of design that unify the aesthetic and functional in a resonant unitary perception - the hawk as musical chord, contrapuntal in its moment and place against the background of beach and you, the constant and the tidal, thing and process – two melodic entities co-evolving in a harmony – the hawk there to both guide and teach you, and experience you too, because there is no teaching without learning from both involved... those who teach, learn, those who learn, teach their teachers by allowing a learning... I have always been acutely conscious of this precious duality.

What could be at the origin, the personal / cosmic motivation, the basis of such an experience for you, as I see it? Power, intelligence, an act of these interblended with an act of deeper cosmic guidance. Yes of course you may call this an act of God, surely it was. In this sense, every single perceivable occurrence in the universe is exactly that. Personally I dare claim to be more religious than many of the pseudo-religious, what I refer to as "religionism"... but I prefer not use the word "god" – it has perhaps become too historically and culturally stigmatised by artificially propounded human definitions of the divine.

I believe that in many of the traditional and diffracted attributes given to this personalisation of the divine, there are too many stigmatic paradigms. I prefer to think of a re-unified creative force, re-unified with its own conscious creation, interwoven and indivisibly inseparable with all cosmic existence in all its form of energetic and material phenomenology. Not the picture of a creator separated from "its" own creation. The genderistic bias (him) we have inherited, speaks acutely of human anthropocentric definition in itself. I prefer to think and speak of Cosmic Intelligence, or an infinitely intelligent Cosmic Supermind. To me it represents infinitely intelligent love but does not stop at the outer skin boundary of contained and embodied, incarnate consciousnesses, whether human or hawk... this is an integral part of our beings, our makeup: the condensed energy that forms the material aspect of our personal existence, our bodies, condensations of our consciousness, is by essence divine in nature.

Don't just imagine, Envision!

All sources in esoteric philosophy and psychodynamics, for example Zukav, Reid, Fritjoff, Cayce and many others we can think of, all strongly postulate a mechanism of consciousness that moulds reality, the actual events we experience. The underlying thought is a perception that all which materially exists, occupies a spectrum with two extreme poles, a polar spectrum stretching from a most manifest, or solid, or matter-composed, to a most potential, pure energy, least manifest, most sublimate pole. This is exactly analogous to the polar relationship postulated in the energy-matter spectrum - energy and matter related by Einstein's famous E=MC² equation.

I actually prefer to see this "top-down" - that is, from the most energetic towards the most material, equalling a range from the most psychospiritual or psychodynamic, to its most condensed realisation in event and matter, its manifest solid, physicalised forms.

This continuum is artificially divided into two primary approaches, methodologies, paradigms and fields of exploration: the scientific, which we may often refer to as the scientistic, and the esoteric, the psychodynamic. Included in the scientistic domain is the neuricentric – the perspective that consciousness is an artificial percept, that it is epiphenomenal, not really real, but an artifice of human perception and rationale. This latter is an attitudinal perception maintained by many, if not perhaps most scientific researchers in the domain of neurological investigation into phenomena of consciousness (Hobbes, Crick; Penrose and Hameroff) and a heated domain of debate among many modern philosophers.

In the scientistic, neuricentric domain – everything existing in this spectrum consists of electromagnetic radiation, that is, forms of light, a well-known and scientific "fact." In the "S" domain of perception, the Scientific domain, electromagnetic radiation composes and constitutes everything visible, radiative, physical, palpable and perceivable to our five senses, whether pizza or paparazzi, snow tigers, seashells, human bodies, stars or linguini.

Underlying this however, are more energetic formants, patterns of energy which continually and dynamically mould and modulate the physical manifestation of form and content and all physically perceivable attributes of things and events both. Such are also the conclusive and convincing results of deep-going investigative exploration and experimentation in fields as far divergent as embryology (the famous embryologists Hans Speman, and Hilde Mangold,) telepathic faculty in animals (Dr. Rupert Sheldrake,) and human telekinesis (Dr. William Tiller; Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab.) This more energetic field-action is partly in the radiative spectrum that can be perceived by scientific methods, but has a contiguous, overlapping counterpart which consists of pure consciousness - everything does.

It is this consciousness-light, or, conscious light, which we can personally shape and mould, bring into realisation into its most solidified form as actual event that we experience and the actual shape and content of material things we create (Fritjoff Capra; Gary Zukav.) We can create, re-mould, not only material things, but create event itself, co-create it, the life we experience, with a very personal potential, the ability and power of which is determined by our spiritual maturity, acuity and readiness – the karmically acquired sum-total of all conscious choice we have ever made. Well known is the thought that "'good' people 'suffer' bad things and 'bad' people 'enjoy' good things..." The paradoxes of "suffer," "enjoy," "good," and "bad," are all relativistic... illness can bring about a greater health, in a profound way, all dis-ease is a phase of greater health, towards greater ultimate healing, no exceptions, whatsoever, ever. Full Stop. And do excuse my emphatic conviction.

Well, there's the other domain, the "other side of the coin" from the Scientific "S" domain of perception, namely the "P" domain of psychodynamic reality - it is perception in this domain that begins to open the channels to personal power - the power to precipitate event, to structure event, to form object – to steer authentic will consciously. It is this that handles the energetic formants bringing energy into condensation, that take the esoteric light sensitive to the effects of consciousness, and manifest it in the "S" domain where our senses, intellect, emotions and spirit can experience it. It begins with authentic will, and manifests as event. Authentic will is not willpower – it lies far deeper than the application of brute force.

Everything points to the fact that when we are ready for "x" then we can do, shape, make, get, experience, bring into experienced and perceived reality, the actual "x" we strongly envision, when in the cosmic sense it is right that we do so and are ready for it... Create and shape your readiness.

Imagination and intuition, two of our conceptual and spiritual capacities are ultra-senses, or may even be contracted into the single word "ultrasenses." They allow us access to the transpersonal Mind proven to exist by Carl Jung, where time and distance, place and separation do not exist, where paradoxically all past, present and potential of future exist in a timeless domain of simultaneity - it is the Great Paradox... This is also scientifically factual in the domain underlying quantum physics (Aspect, Bohm.) But it is intuitive access to this "P" domain that lets us sense the most vital things in our lives, lets us visualise and understand our most authentic needs, instead of recognising and giving answer to our shallower ones only. It allows us to spiritually prioritise - and envisioning is the most powerful spiritual engine - envision, and it shapes consciousness-light, esoteric light, spiritual energy, to bring the envisioned into realisation, event-reality, the condensation levels of the electromagnetic energy of actualisation. If you want to bring about the highest possible probabilities of something... then envision it. Let intuition guide you to the realisation of needs and the techniques and ways to go... let imagination guide you to its potentials of form and the qualities of its attributes, let envisioning guide you towards its optimal realisation.

Don't just imagine, Envision!

• Try not to do it all by yourself, there is an infinite source of divine guiding and healing energy, allow yourself to resonate with it and to become a channel for it. It’s source is paradoxically not external to you – but within, and infinite. Recognise that you, are in a mind, not just that a mind is in you.
  
• Feel that you are infinitely connected to this source, not externally, purely via the senses or some defined outer body perimeter, but internally, via a channel to the divine that among other modes of perception and action is contiguous and uninterruptible, unconditional, unified with your subconscious mind and your neural, cerebral, somatic and glandular systems.
  
• Behave your way into new personal dynamics – do not impose limits on your self by victimising and inclination-enslaving limitations. Allow yourself to discover your truer, and authentic personality and potentials by envisioning, daring, exploring, expanding, and stepping out into your new Self.
  
• Remember that any moulding and creation of artwork changes the artist. Any work changes the worker. Don't just envision desired results acutely (yet paradoxically as much in a mode of intuitive relaxation as you can) but also allow yourself to work through all the suggested psychodynamics that you would want to resonate with, to process, understand, and to assimilate new inclinations, attitudes, perspective in that changing makeup. E.g. visualise the healing of a system – there is always an attendant PD (Psychodynamic) process of why the origin, cause, and motivation for correction, and why the change – it’s wound up with why we are here in the first place and the way we are now. The negative side of this can be a hopeless giving up into an entrenched condition that resists change. The positive side takes into account that there is a necessity for multi-faceted change within the more energetic levels of your accumulated personality, to accompany change in the more condensed, more materialised form of that consciousness, which is the body and all its systems. There are major lessons to be learned here for all of us - with the will to trace and understand, this knowledge will come in understandable inspirations and IEC's, Intellectual-Emotional Constellations – IEC’s mediate acute awareness of both a logic and feeling in them, steering the conscious personality towards deeper understanding. This fuller understanding triggers, guides, and promotes gradually materialising change.
  
• Do not misinterpret the last point - envisioning has powerful effects all by itself. Envisioning is a shaping of the consciousness, and shaping of intentionality, it moulds the will. Will is creative and adaptive, it finely tunes and filters the energy forming our material being, and of the cosmos with which we are in indivisible and intermingled, entangled, interblended contact. Read Gary Zukav's Seat of the Soul for some good background understanding of the structure of all that, it's pretty good and easy to read.
  
• Visualise a spectrum of condensation - the most energetic, newest and youngest point in the entire universe is the point of "I" - your aware consciousness. It condenses throughout the spectrum, the time-space continuum of your physical reality, to more and more material levels - the astral and somatic bodies. The attributes of this condensation are influenced by your accumulated karmic inheritance, the sum total of all your past choice. Changing choice is therefore important in changing the manner of material condensation and event realisation. Without a moderating karmic inheritance, the will to make, affect or change would be unencumbered, infinitely powerful, more godly. It is the knowing and feeling of this, its intuitive direct perception, that is the truest and purest form of religion.
  
• You are divine, a tendril, an offshoot from the infinite divine itself, exploring, pioneering, with free will influenced by the momenta of determinism accumulated from the past. The path will choose you until you choose the path (that's my favourite, like it?)
  
• You cannot change the past, but you can change views of it that will heal, accept, embody within self, form the uniqueness that is become you. There is no such thing as "sin" - it is a dilute religionistic approximation, a very lacking definition that was not preached by the earliest church fathers, did not form part of the foundational Christian or neo-Platonic thought of someone as great a thinker as Origen and came into being as a concept only much later - there is only ongoing and dynamic choice within a living and infinitely intelligent cosmic being of which you are an integral part. All religionism is roughly approximative metaphor, a mostly naive, sometimes infantile approximation of reality. Nothing can be learned unless it is born within the Self. Do not stick with uninspected, slavishly followed paradigms, they are others' static and materialised visions. Form you own vision - the nature of being itself will guide you - it is all there already and open-ended, continually, dynamically developing. The universe is in continuous and unending birth, there is nothing static, it is humanness that places limits on the divine through static envisioning and self-limitation. Be courageous and adventurous, maintain your own unique sense of integrity - it is exactly right for you.
  
• Be ready to grow. There are phases of growth. Do not allow to become static - you are infinite by essence and design, you were part of it all when it started, a paradoxical moment that did not take place in "time." Time is a symptom of ordinary human consciousness, in actuality time does not exist in the basic weave of cosmic reality (Pauli; Bell; Aspect; Einstein-Podolski-Rosen; Bohm; de Rosnay.)

Realise that the label "illness" is a relative definition - this is a true example of paradox, or the ambiguity of dualism: good in some instances is bad and vice versa - in the most extended, and also the truest perspective, all conditions of "illness" irrespective of their aetiology, their nature or intensity or development, are instances of a greater HEALTH. Navigate and intend your way, your path of personal life-expression and self-realisation through them. Recognise that there is no such thing as mindless, random, suffering – in the deeper perspective there is only non-coincidental, non-accidental, directed suffering. In that sense it is not what is "done to you" but how you react to it, that is entirely within your mandate, your ownership, your right, intimate privilege, and cosmic predilection to shape, mould, intention, and realise.

Will, is intentionality. Intentionality occurs in any conscious entity within a range of the ability to change and to make choice. Even such a humble organism as a slime-mould , has intentionality.

It is programmed into it genetically by the accumulated experience of its species, and largely deterministic. In other words, "simple" organisms react with a standard set of highly predictable behaviours to a set of stimuli to which they are sensitive in their environment. Even the electron qualifies here. (David Bohm)

Humans have a far more stretched spectrum of will, lying within a range from the most passive to most active application of intentionality . When will is suspended, intentionality becomes passive and the deterministic pressures of the species, genetics, soma (body systems) and psyche take over. It is the becoming conscious of an envisioned goal, a set of conditions that is desired, and intentionality which wishes to be realised, that overcomes the deterministic, passive aspects of living a life and reaches for evolution of the Self, your greater health, and your greater self-realisation. This is our natural and divine birthright.

Frank Valentyn

With much gratitude to Laika, spirit-partner and life companion, for formatting and layout suggestions, and both her infinite tolerance and insistences J

¹ The Nature of Being is subtitled Why you are here and what to do about it - An exploration of human intentionality and the potentials of consciousness. It comprises 516 pages and is fully illustrated with 171 Figures and photographs, 22 Tables, and richly referenced to academic and research sources in 109 footnotes and 510 endnotes. An appendix contains a further eight tables and notes delineating the conventions and standards used. Finally, an index with 2 871 page-referenced entries is provided to allow easy looking up of relevant topics of interest.
The book is now happily available (June 2004) in an attractive, fully illustrated CD format with full-colour graphics. It is in MS Word format and operates on PC-compatible operating system versions such as Windows 95, 98, 2000 and XP. All enquiries are welcome, and the CD can be ordered by e-mail for postal delivery nation-wide. For an e-mailed brochure, synopsis of the work or more information, please send an enquiry to centaur@global.co.za or phone (011) 787 42078, or mobile: (082) 511 7463
² Such approaches are, among others: Deep guided meditation; TM, Transcendental Meditation, homeopathy; Yoga; corrective massage therapies; acupuncture, iridology, psychic healing, Qigong, Psychoneuro-immunology, PNI, and Psychodynamic Vectoring
³ Although not vital, it is advised to first read the article "Consciousness" for a broad background to modern views of aspects of consciousness.